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    • 专利摘要:
    METHODS AND APPLIANCE FOR SUPPLYING OXYGEN A method and apparatus for supplying oxygen to satisfy a user's demand in which oxygen is separated from the air by an electrically driven oxygen separation device to supply oxygen to satisfy the user's demand an absorbent bed with part or all the oxygen separated. When a user demand exists, oxygen can be supplied either from the electrically driven oxygen separation device or from the absorbed oxygen from the absorbent bed.
    公开号:BR112012025566A2
    申请号:R112012025566-5
    申请日:2011-03-23
    公开日:2020-07-28
    发明作者:Sadashiv Swami；Philip A. Barrett；Richard Martin Kelly
    申请人:Praxair Technology, Inc.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    "METHOD AND APPARATUS TO SUPPLY OXYGEN" Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for supplying oxygen in which oxygen is separated from the air using an electrically driven oxygen separation device in which oxygen is separated from the air by carrying oxygen ions in an ionic conductor.
    More particularly, the present invention relates to such a method and apparatus in which the separated oxygen is stored in an absorbent so that oxygen can be supplied to both the absorbent and the electrically driven oxygen separation device.
    Background of the Invention Oxygen can be separated from air using electrically operated oxygen separation devices.
    Such devices use a membrane element having an electrolyte, such as yttria-stabilized zirconia that are sandwiched between a cathode electrode and an anode electrode and current collectors located on the external surfaces of the electrodes for the application of an electrical potential through the electrodes and therefore the electrolyte.
    When the membrane is heated to a temperature at which oxygen ion transport can occur and electrical potential is applied to the electrodes, the air that contacts the cathode electrode will ionize into oxygen ions and will be transported to the anode electrode.
    In the anode electrode, the oxygen ions will combine m oxygen molecules that can be collected to produce an oxygen product.
    Such devices are of particular use for industrial applications, where oxygen of ultra high purity is required.
    Although there are many forms of such devices, typically the membrane element has a layered structure that uses electrolyte, electrode and current collector layers in the form of a flat plate or tube.
    Additionally, the membrane elements are connected via a collector to collect the oxygen separated by using the membrane elements.
    The assembly may be housed within an electrically heated housing to heat the membranes to their operating temperature.
    Air is supplied to the enclosure to contact the membrane elements.
    For example, when the tubular shapes of the 5 membrane elements are used, the tubes can be connected to a collector and the air introduced into the heated casing by means of a blower or the like contacts the outer surface of the tubes.
    The oxygen will be collected inside the tubes and will be discharged from the heated housing through an outlet duct connected to the collector.
    As indicated above, electrically driven oxygen separation devices have a particular application where the supply of ultra high purity oxygen is required.
    Potential applications include use in combustion analyzers to perform elemental analysis, use a process gas in the manufacture of microelectronics and use a purge gas in laser cutting.
    In such applications, the oxygen requirement will vary and when the facility is closed, there will be no oxygen requirement.
    However, it is very expensive to design such a separation device with varying oxygen flow rates that satisfy the oxygen demand for wide custom applications.
    In fact, in most cases, the user will require high oxygen flow rates for short periods of time, for example, five to eight hours.
    Although such oxygen separation devices can be designed to supply oxygen at varying oxygen flow rates, the oxygen separator will be very expensive and, in many cases, underutilized.
    It is much more practical to design the oxygen separation device with a fixed oxygen flow, for example, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 standard liters per minute that operates continuously, seven days a week .
    Such a project will increase the use of the oxygen separation device while keeping manufacturing costs at a lower, more practical level.
    The problem with the design of an oxygen separation device with a fixed low outlet, and has been described above, is that sufficient auxiliary oxygen volume can also be supplied so that the customer can withdraw oxygen at a flow rate (greater than than generation rate) during peak device usage periods.
    However, oxygen storage is a challenging proposition due to the fact that the operating pressure of an oxygen separation device is typically very low.
    To supply significant auxiliary oxygen volume, the oxygen therefore needs to be compressed for storage in a small container or by supplying an additional large wave tank.
    Both options have inherent disadvantages.
    For example, the cost of an oxygen compressor can be much higher than the oxygen separating device alone and is commercially prohibitive giving the alternative of supplying oxygen from the gas cylinders.
    Wave tanks are less expensive compared to compressors but this takes up valuable space which is of prime importance in laboratories.
    In addition, in order to supply sufficient auxiliary volume in a wave tank, oxygen can be stored at very high pressures, for example, above 500 psig (3.45 MPa man.). however, the high pressure operating tubular membrane elements increase the stresses of the tube arc within such elements which lead to possible failure.
    Also, electrode oxidation and current collector densification can become severe at such very high pressures.
    As will be discussed, the present invention provides an oxygen supply method and apparatus that uses an electrically driven oxygen separation device in a more practical and efficient manner than that considered in the prior art summarized above.
    Summary of the Invention In one aspect, the present invention provides a method of supplying oxygen to satisfy a user's demand.
    In accordance with this aspect of the present invention, oxygen is separated from air by transporting an oxygen ion within an electrically driven oxygen separation device to produce a separate oxygen stream.
    At least part of the oxygen contained within the separated oxygen stream is stored by introducing at least part of the separated oxygen stream into an absorbent bed.
    Oxygen is supplied by separating oxygen from air within an electrically driven oxygen separation device to produce the separate oxygen stream, discard an oxygen stream from the absorbent bed of the absorbent bed containing the oxygen previously stored within the absorbent bed and combine at least a remainder of the oxygen stream separated with the oxygen stream from the absorbent bed to form a combined oxygen stream from which oxygen is supplied to satisfy the user's demand for oxygen.
    In such a way, the oxygen separation device itself can be designed with a low nominal production rate for oxygen.
    As will be discussed, during periods of low demand which should include periods when there is no demand, such as at night, the oxygen separation device will store all or part of the oxygen generated in the absorbent bed, so that during periods of peak demand , the absorbent bed oxygen and the oxygen generated are available to satisfy the demand.
    Since an absorbent bed is used containing an absorbent, there is no need to compress oxygen or store oxygen at a lower pressure inside a wave tank to satisfy this demand.
    In addition, the use of an absorbent bed consisting of an absorbent container containing an absorbent allows more oxygen to be stored in a smaller tank to satisfy user demand.
    In a particular embodiment, during an initial oxygen supply period, oxygen is supplied only from the oxygen stream of the absorbent bed and during that period, the pressure within the absorbent bed decreases continuously and the oxygen separation device electrically driven is in a deactivated state and is not producing oxygen.
    In a subsequent period of oxygen supply, which begins when the pressure within the absorbent bed decreases to 5 a lower predetermined pressure level, the oxygen separation device is activated to produce the separated oxygen stream and during the subsequent period of demand of the user can be less than, equal to or greater than the rate at which oxygen is capable of being produced by the electrically driven oxygen separation device.
    In this regard, if the user's demand is less than the rate at which oxygen is capable of being produced by the electrically driven oxygen separation device, the part of the separated oxygen stream is introduced into the absorbent bed to store part of the oxygen contained in the separate oxygen stream within the absorbent bed and the remainder of the separate oxygen stream is supplied to the user to satisfy the user's demand.
    During the introduction of the part of the separated oxygen stream into the absorbent bed, the pressure within the absorbent bed increases continuously and when the pressure within the absorbent bed increases to a higher predetermined pressure level that is higher than the predetermined pressure level smaller, the oxygen separation device is returned to the deactivated state.
    If the user's demand is substantially equal to the rate at which oxygen is produced by the electrically driven oxygen separation device, oxygen is supplied only from the separate oxygen stream and not the oxygen stream from the absorbent bed.
    If the user's demand is greater than the rate at which oxygen is produced by the electrically driven oxygen separation device, oxygen is supplied from the combined stream when the combined stream is formed from the oxygen stream from the absorbent bed throughout the stream separate oxygen.
    And there is no user demand for oxygen and the pressure within the absorbent bed is at or below the lowest predetermined pressure level, the electrically driven oxygen separation device is activated and the entire separated oxygen stream is introduced into the absorbent bed until that the highest predetermined pressure level is reached and the electrically driven oxygen separation device is returned to the deactivated state.
    In another embodiment, user demand may alternate between periods when no user demand exists and user demand for oxygen exists.
    In such a case, when no user demand exists and the pressure within the absorbent bed is below the predetermined level, the electrically driven oxygen separation device is activated in the entire separated oxygen stream is introduced into an absorbent bed.
    When the pressure within the absorbent bed reaches a predetermined level, the electrically driven oxygen separation device is deactivated.
    When user demand exists, the electrically driven oxygen separation device is activated and oxygen is supplied to the user from the combined stream in which the combined stream is formed from everything from the absorbent bed's oxygen stream and the oxygen stream separate.
    In any embodiment of the present invention, the electrically driven oxygen separation device and the absorbent container are contained within a system for dispensing oxygen and oxygen is supplied by an auxiliary oxygen supply in the system that fails to meet demand the oxygen.
    In addition, the oxygen pressure of the oxygen that is dispensed to satisfy the user's demand can be regulated below that of the absorbent bed oxygen stream and the separate oxygen stream.
    In another aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus for supplying oxygen to satisfy a user's demand.
    In such an aspect,
    an electrically driven oxygen separation device is configured to separate oxygen from the air by carrying oxygen ions and thereby to produce a separate oxygen stream.
    An absorbent bed is supplied containing an absorbent.
    A flow network 5 connects the electrically driven oxygen separation device to the absorbent bed so that at least part of the separated oxygen stream is introduced into the absorbent bed and at least part of the oxygen contained in the separate oxygen stream is stored in the absorbent bed .
    The flow network has an output in flow communication with both the absorbent bed and the electrically driven oxygen separation device so that oxygen is able to be supplied from the outlet as a combined current composed of at least a remainder of the separate current produced by the electrically driven oxygen separation device and an oxygen current from the absorbent bed produced from the oxygen previously stored within the absorbent bed to satisfy the user's demand for oxygen.
    In one embodiment, a control system is supplied that is responsive to pressure within the absorbent bed and is configured so that when the pressure is at a lower pressure level, the electrically driven oxygen separation device is activated to produce the separate oxygen stream and when the pressure is at a lower pressure level, higher than the lower pressure level, the electrically driven oxygen separation device is deactivated and is in a deactivated state where the separated oxygen current is not produced.
    The flow network has at least one check valve positioned to prevent the flow from the absorbent bed to the electrically driven oxygen separation device so that when user demand exists and the pressure is at the highest pressure level, the oxygen supplied of the outlet consists solely of the oxygen stream from the absorbent bed until the pressure within the absorbent bed decreases to the lowest pressure level after which the electrically driven oxygen separation device is activated and then oxygen is supplied based on demand of user.
    If the user's demand is less than the flow of the separated oxygen stream, the oxygen supplied from the outlet consists of the remaining part of the separated oxygen stream and the part of the oxygen stream is supplied to the absorbent bed.
    If the user's demand equals the flow of the separated oxygen stream, the oxygen supplied from the outlet consists of the entire separate oxygen stream and if the user's demand is greater than the flow of the separate oxygen stream the oxygen supplied from the outlet consists of the combined current.
    In another embodiment, the control system is responsive to pressure within the absorbent bed and is configured so that when the pressure is at a lower pressure level, the electrically driven oxygen separation device is activated to produce the current of separated oxygen and when the pressure is at a lower pressure level, higher than the lower pressure level, the electrically driven oxygen separation device is deactivated and is in a deactivated state where the separate oxygen stream is not produced .
    The flow network has at least one check valve to prevent the flow from the absorbent bed to the electrically driven oxygen separation device and two parallel flow paths that are counterflow to each other.
    One of the two parallel flow paths, at one end, is in flow communication with the absorbent bed and, at the other end, is in flow communication with the electrically driven oxygen separation device and the other of the two parallel flow paths at one end is in flow communication with the absorbent bed and at the other end is in flow communication with the outlet.
    One of the two parallel flow paths has a second check valve positioned to prevent the flow from the absorbent bed to the electrically driven oxygen separation device and the other of the two flow paths has a third check valve that prevents the flow from the flow device. electrically driven oxygen separation to the absorbent bed so that when the electrically driven oxygen separation device is activated at the lower pressure level, the separated oxygen stream will flow to the absorbent bed through one of the two flow paths.
    The flow network is also supplied with a pressure regulator positioned within the other of the two flow paths, between the third check valve and the absorbent bed and is configured to reduce the line pressure of the oxygen stream of the absorbent bed so that that the oxygen stream of the absorbent bed is capable of combining with the separate oxygen stream.
    The control system is also configured to selectively activate the electrically driven oxygen separation device when the pressure is at the highest pressure level and user demand exists so that the oxygen dispensed from the outlet of the flow network consists of the combined current which consists of the oxygen stream from the absorbent bed flowing through the other of the two flow paths to the outlet and the separate oxygen stream flowing from the electrically driven oxygen separation device to the outlet.
    In either embodiment, an outlet pressure regulator can be connected to the regular oxygen pressure output of the oxygen dispensed from the outlet below that of the absorbent bed oxygen stream and the separate oxygen stream. additionally, an auxiliary supply system can be supplied by having an oxygen cylinder connected to the outlet.
    The auxiliary supply system is configured to deliver oxygen from the oxygen cylinder when the oxygen pressure level is below a predetermined pressure level.
    Also, in any embodiment of the present invention, the absorbent may be a zeolite selected from the group comprising 5A, CaNaX, CaX, LiX or mixtures thereof.
    Additionally, in any embodiment, the absorbent bed can be supplied with an absorbent container to contain the absorbent.
    The tubing T having a base section is connected to the absorbent container 5, the base section of the tubing T having a side opening.
    An elongated dip tube extends through the base section in the absorbent container so that an annular space is defined between the elongated annular dip tube and the base section.
    The annular space is in communication with the lateral opening of the base section.
    The immersion tube and side opening are connected to the flow network so that the separated oxygen stream flows into the immersion tube and the absorbent container and oxygen stream from the absorbent bed flows through the annular space and exits the side opening in the the flow network or the separated oxygen stream flows through the lateral opening, through the annular space and into the absorbent container, and the oxygen stream from the absorbent bed flows through the immersion tube into the flow network.
    Brief Description of the Drawings While the specification concludes with the claims that distinctly point out the objective subject that claimants with respect to their invention, it is believed that the invention will be understood when in connection with the attached drawings in which: Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for charging a method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for carrying a method according to another embodiment of the present invention and Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an absorbent bed that can be used in connection with any embodiment of the present invention.
    Detailed description With reference to figure 1, an apparatus 1 is illustrated by supplying oxygen to satisfy a user demand.
    The user's demand 5 must be in accordance with the requirements of a person using device 1 or a machine that is connected to device 1. Device 1 generally consists of an electrically driven oxygen separation device 2, an absorbent bed 3, a flow network 4 and a controller 5 that controls the operation of the electrically driven oxygen separation device 2. It is noted that no particular form of the electrically driven oxygen separation device is preferred.
    However, the electrically driven oxygen separation device 2 consists of an insulated box 10 having an inlet 12 to receive an air system 14. Housed within the insulated box 10 is a test of the oxygen separation elements 16 which are in the form of closed-end tubes and which as known in the art consists of an outer cathode electrode layer which can be lanthanum strontium manganate (LSM), an electrolyte layer which can be Zirconium, an internal anode electrode layer which can be manganate strontium lanthanum (LSM) and current collecting layers that can be silver.
    When the oxygen separation elements 16 are heated to an operating temperature of typically around 675ºC and an electrical potential is applied to the internal and external collecting layers, the oxygen inside the air will ionize and oxygen ions will be conducted through the electrolyte in a direction from the cathode electrode layer to the anode electrode layer.
    Oxygen is collected inside a collecting tube 18 and discharged through conduit 20 as a separate oxygen stream.
    The conduit 20 forms part of the collection tube 18. A holding stream 22 composed of oxygen depleted air is discharged from the outlet 24. Although not shown, the arrival of the air stream 14 must be motivated through the insulated box 10 by means of of a blower.
    Electric heating elements 26 are supplied inside the insulated box 10 to heat the oxygen separation elements 16 to their operating temperature at which the oxygen ions will be conducted through their electrolyte.
    Preferably, in order to take full advantage of the present invention, the electrically driven oxygen separation device is designed in a manner well known to the person skilled in the art to produce the separated oxygen at a pressure between about 200 psig (1.38 MPa man.) And about 500 psig (3.45 MPa man.). The absorbent bed 3 consists of an absorbent container 26 in the form of a gas cylinder that is filled with absorbent 28. The absorbent container 26 can be a Medical D or E cylinder that has been suitably approved for use in the pressure vessel service.
    Also, the absorbent container 26 should be any ASME pressure rated container.
    The absorbent container 26 is preferably housed within a housing 30 that supports the electrically driven oxygen separation device 2 so that assembly occupies a minimum coverage area.
    That being said, the electrically driven oxygen separation device 2 and the absorbent bed 3 must be in separate boxes.
    In addition, although only a single absorbent bed 3 is illustrated, a series of such absorbent beds must be connected in parallel or series.
    The absorbent bed 3 adsorbs oxygen separated by the electrically driven oxygen separation device 2 that is, as will be discussed, oxygen can be supplied to meet consumer demand both from the electrically driven oxygen separation device 2 and the absorbent bed 3 at flow rates that exceed the capabilities of the electrically operated oxygen separation device 2 alone.
    Absorbent 28 is preferably formed from zeolites, for example, 5A, CaNaX, CaX, LiX or mixtures thereof.
    Such materials will enable more oxygen to be stored within an absorbent container 26 as compared to an unfilled cylinder under similar operating conditions of temperature and pressure.
    Molecular sieves of carbon, activated carbon, fullerene based materials also exhibit similar properties and in some examples, such materials have more oxygen capacity compared to zeolite material.
    In theory, any material having good oxygen absorption capacity can be used as an absorbent for oxygen storage.
    However, some materials, especially those that are based on carbon, are not compatible with oxygen due to their flammable potential.
    Zeolite absorbers, as discussed above, are expensive and show oxygen compatibility.
    However, in the examples where higher storage density is required, a carbon-based material must be used (as long as the material is compatible with oxygen in that operating condition). As the temperature is lowered, the zeolite absorbers show an enhanced oxygen storage capacity.
    However, it is not economically feasible to create the low temperature conditions in device 1. The ultra high pure oxygen produced by the electrically driven oxygen separation device 2 is at a very high temperature, but by the time it reaches the absorbent bed 3, it almost equilibrates at room temperature.
    Therefore, any material showing a higher oxygen storage capacity at room temperature can be used as an absorbent.
    Regarding the housing of the box, the absorbent bed 3 must be able to spread the heat of absorption and absorb the heat from the surroundings in order to assist with desorption.
    In addition, the oxygen storage capacity of the material, there are a few other factors that determine the oxygen storage density.
    These factors include accessible surface area, vacuum space and binding material and content used during the manufacture of absorbent beads as well as any other additives, such as processing the additives that are not removed at the end of the manufacture.
    Materials with a higher volume density have greater oxygen storage capacity, therefore, such materials are preferred.
    Typically, the binder material is unable to store oxygen and thus reduces the total oxygen storage capacity.
    In this way, an absorbent without or having minimal binding content is also preferred.
    It will be noted that other geometries are possible, such as extrudates and granules.
    In terms of the size of the absorbent particles, any size and / or distribution of particles that can be retained within the absorbent container and that has been properly packaged, achieves a greater oxygen working capacity than the empty container when loaded and discharged with oxygen under the same pressure and temperature conditions can be used.
    The oxygen storage capacity of the zeolite absorber is significantly affected by the presence of moisture.
    Some residual moisture is present in an absorbent after it is manufactured.
    Therefore, it is important to select an absorbent with a low residual moisture content, less than 1.0, preferably less than 0.5 weight percent.
    Also, there is a possibility of moisture being caught in sieves when loading the cylinder with absorbent.
    Therefore, more care needs to be taken to avoid contact of the sieves with moisture.
    This problem must be avoided by loading the cylinder with absorbent beads under a dry gas atmosphere, for example, a nitrogen atmosphere using the glove box.
    It will be noted, however, that the use of the nitrogen atmosphere introduces another impurity, called nitrogen in the absorbent bed 3. Nitrogen does not significantly reduce zeolite's oxygen storage capacity, but it has a tendency to adhere strongly to the zeolite bed .
    The oxygen being generated by the electrically driven oxygen separation device is of ultra-high purity and therefore still levels of parts per million of nitrogen in the product gas are not acceptable.
    As well as known to persons skilled in the art, nitrogen can be effectively removed from the absorbent 28 by subjecting the absorbent bed 3 to an oxygen pressurization evacuation and cycle, or by subjecting the absorbent bed 3 to a pressurization and depressurization cycle. at elevated temperature, or loading the absorbent container 26 with the absorbent 28 in an oxygen atmosphere.
    Although only one absorbent bed 3 is shown, as it happens to that technically skilled person, it depends on the size of the device 1, multiple bed absorbers connected in parallel or series must be used.
    The flow network 4 consists of the collecting tube 18 which is formed by the conduit 20 and outlet conduits 32 communicating between the conduit 20 and oxygen separation elements 16 to receive separate oxygen streams.
    The conduit 20 is also connected to the absorbent bed 3 via an outlet conduit 34 which has a filter element 36 to prevent particulate compounds from the absorbent 28 being discharged with the oxygen from the absorbent bed and a conduit 38. when the electrically driven oxygen separation device 2 is activated, the separated oxygen will flow through outlet conduits 32 to conduit 20 and then through conduits 38 and 34 to the absorbent bed 3 where oxygen will be stored in the absorbent bed.
    With respect to the larger fraction of the oxygen being stored it will absorb in the absorbent 28 and a remaining fraction will be stored in the interstitial spaces between the absorbent particles.
    When a consumer demand for oxygen exists, an oxygen stream from the absorbent bed will flow through outlet conduit 34 and conduit 38 and also, as will be discussed, potentially a separate oxygen stream seeps through outlet conduits 32 to conduit 20. The oxygen stream from the absorbent bed during such a period is produced from the oxygen previously stored within the absorbent container 26 by desorption of oxygen from the absorbent 28 and residual pressurized oxygen contained within the absorbent container 26. The combined stream resulting from the oxygen from the absorbent bed and separate oxygen will combine in the outlet duct 40 and flow out of the outlet 42 of the device 1 to the user.
    A safety relief valve 44 is supplied to vent oxygen overpressures and where required by a particular application of a pressure regulator 46 to reduce the pressure of the combined current flowing through outlet conduit 40. A check valve 47 is supplied to avoid retro-flow from the user to the device 1, which must contaminate the device.
    During any dispensation of oxygen from the absorbent bed from the absorption bed 3, it drains back to the electrically driven oxygen separation device 2 is avoided by check valves 48. As should be appreciated, if conduit 20 was separately connected to the conduit output 40, then only a single check valve upstream of the connection should be required.
    However, the use of multiple check valves 48 also serves to isolate each of the oxygen separation elements 16 in the event of a deficiency of any of these elements.
    The oxygen separation elements 16 are heated to an operating temperature by means of the heating elements 26 which must be located inside the box 10. The electrical energy to the heating elements 26 is supplied by a direct current energy supply 54 which converts alternating current from a current power source 56 to direct the current.
    A thermal bond 57 is connected to controller 5 via an electrical connection 58. An input to controller 5 is a series point temperature.
    Controller 5 is in turn connected to a silicon-controlled rectifier 60 (“SCR”) by means of an electrical connection 62. Thermoligant 57 continuously transmits a signal referring to the temperature inside the insulated box 10. When such temperature differs below From the point of the series, controller 5 activates silicon-controlled rectifier 60 to supply power to heating elements 26 through an electrical connection 64. Silicon-controlled rectifier 60 is subjected to force using AC 5 power source 56. If the temperature inside the insulated box 10 rises above the set point temperature, the controller 5 operates to deactivate the silicon-controlled rectifier 60 and therefore the energy supplied to the heating elements 26. The controller 5 is also programmed to control the operation of the oxygen separation elements 16. As mentioned above, force is applied to the oxygen separation elements 16 by means of the energy supply 54 which is c connected to the oxygen separation elements 16 by means of an electrical connection 68. Regarding the oxygen separation elements 16, they can be connected in the electrical series.
    The power supply 54 is activated by the controller 5 in response to the pressure measured inside the outlet conduit 34 by a pressure transducer 70 connected to the controller 5 by means of an electrical connection 72 for transmitting a signal related to the pressure inside the conduit. outlet 34 and therefore inside the absorbent container 26 of the absorbent bed 3. With respect to the operation of the electrically operated oxygen separation device 2, the controller 5 is programmed with a lower serial point pressure, for example, 230 psig (1, 59 MPa man.) And a serial point pressure greater than 250 psig (1.72 MPa man.). Controller 5 is also programmed to activate the power supply 54 when the pressure as felt by the pressure transducer 70 diverges below 230 psig (1.59 MPa man.) And disable the power supply 54 when the pressure reaches 250 psig (1 , 72 MPa man.). As a consequence, when a user demand exists, oxygen is supplied by the oxygen from the absorbent bed as a stream of oxygen from the absorbent bed through the outlet conduit 34, conduit 38, conduit 20 of the collection tube 18 and then through the conduit. outlet 40 to outlet 42. Check valves 48 prevent the flow of oxygen again into the oxygen separating elements 16. The flow continues from the absorbent bed 3 until the 230 psig (1.59 MPa man.) 5 level is reached and then the power supply 54 is activated together with the oxygen separation elements 16 to separate the oxygen from the arrival of the air stream 14. The oxygen separation elements 16 will continue to supply the oxygen until a pressure again reaches 250 psig (1.72 MPa man.). This pressure will be obtained when the consumer demand for oxygen supply is less than that capable of being supplied from the electrically driven oxygen separation device 2 or is non-existent.
    By way of example, assuming that the electrically driven oxygen separation device 2 is capable of supplying about 2 standard liters per minute of oxygen and also that consumer demand will vary from less than 2 standard liters per minute of oxygen to about of standard 4 liters per minute, consumer demand will be less than or greater than the rate of oxygen supply that device 2 is capable of dispensing.
    In this regard, if the consumer demand is greater than that capable of being supplied by the electrically driven oxygen separation device 2, above 2 standard liters per minute, although oxygen will initially be supplied from the absorbent bed 3, when the pressure 230 psig (1.59 MPa man.) is achieved, as felt by pressure transducer 70, the electrically driven oxygen separation device 2 will be activated by controller 5 and then, oxygen will be supplied as a combined current formed by the current separated from oxygen produced by the electrically driven oxygen separation device 2 and the oxygen stream from the absorbent bed produced by the absorbent bed 3. If consumer demand is equal to the production of the electrically driven oxygen separation device 2, for example 2 standard liters per minute, then oxygen will be supplied only from the separate oxygen stream.
    Assuming that consumer demand is less than the oxygen capable of being dispensed from the oxygen separating device 2, then the oxygen will be supplied from the part of the separate oxygen stream and the other part of the separate oxygen stream will be introduced into the absorbent bed 3 to be absorbed into the absorbent 28. When no demand exists, then all of the separate oxygen stream will be introduced into the absorbent bed 3. In a case of the consumer demand below that is able to be met by the device of electrically driven oxygen separation or no demand, power supply 54 will only be deactivated when the pressure felt by the pressure transducer 70 reaches the highest series point pressure, for example, 250 psig (1.72 MPa man.). The choice of the pressure range depends on the form of absorption isotherm and limiting operating pressure in the electrically driven oxygen separation device 2. Also, the choice of the pressure range depends on the customer's requirement when device 1 is prepared at the location of the client.
    For example, where customer requirements dictate a minimum of 50 psig (0.34 MPa man.) Oxygen pressure for the end of the consumer application, absorbent container 26 should be measured in the appropriate manner to supply sufficient auxiliary oxygen volume so that the pressure never deviates below 50 psig (0.34 MPa man.). The highest pressure, for example, 250 psig (1.72 MPa man.), Is selected based on the form of absorption isotherm to optimize the oxygen storage capacity for a given size container.
    Although controller 5 is described as being independently responsible at a serial point temperature as sensed by thermal bonding 57 and serial point pressure, it is possible that controller 5 is programmed to activate heating elements 26 when point pressure lower series has been reached and to deactivate the heating elements 26 reaching the temperature series point. This must, however, be undesirable in that the temperature of the oxygen separation elements 16 must circulate and TAC circulation can lead to the intensified deficiency rate of such elements. A backup oxygen supply system is preferably supplied to supply oxygen when the pressure of outlet 42 deviates below the predetermined level indicative of device deficiency
    1. The backup supply system is supplied with oxygen cylinder 80 for such purposes. The oxygen supplied from oxygen cylinder 80 is left in pressure by pressure regulator 82. An isolation valve 84 is supplied as long as this can be the series in an opening and the closed positions for selective supply of oxygen from outlet 42 and a non-return valve 86 is supplied to prevent the flow of potential impurity gas again from the user back to oxygen cylinder 80 and the piping leads back to oxygen cylinder 80. For example, assuming pressure regulator 46 is 50 psig (0.34 MPa man.), pressure regulator 82 will be displayed slightly lower pressure, for example, 40 psig (0.28 MPa man.). During normal operation, check valve 86 will prevent flow back into the oxygen cylinder
    80. In a complete deficiency of the device 1 or in the deficiency of the device 1 to find the adequate demand greater than that of the device 1, isolation valve 84 is presented in an open position and oxygen will be supplied from the oxygen cylinder 80 with check valve 47 preventing oxygen flow back to the device 1. Although not shown, isolation valve 84 must be automatically controlled with a pressure transducer located downstream of check valve 86 to present the isolation valve in a position opening when the pressure drops below the series point, for example, 50 psig (0.34 MPa man.). With reference to Fig. 2, an apparatus 1 'is illustrated that is designed to operate according to cyclical demand.
    Apparatus 1 'differs from apparatus 1 mainly in the design of the flow network, which is designed in Apparatus 1' as flow network 4 '. Flow network 18 'has a first check valve 90 to prevent the flow from the absorbent bed 3 back to the electrically driven oxygen separation device 2. Additionally, flow network 4' also has two parallels, first and second paths 92 and 94. The first flow path 92, at one end, is in communication with the absorbent bed 3 and the other end is in communication with the electrically driven oxygen separation device 2. A second check valve 96 is positioned inside the first from the flow paths 92 to prevent flow within the first flow path 92 from the absorbent bed 3 to the electrically driven oxygen separation device 2. The second and two flow paths 94 have a third check valve 98 to prevent flow from the electrically driven oxygen separation device 2 to the absorbent bed 3. Additionally, a pressure regulator 100 is positioned within the second of the flow paths 94 between the third check valve 98 and the absorbent bed 3. A pressure regulator 100 is configured to reduce the pressure line of the oxygen stream of the absorbent bed 3 to that of the electrically driven oxygen separation device 2. Controller 5 'is similar to controller 5 and provides control to heating elements 26 in the same way as controller 5. Controller 5' is supplied with a series pressure point that is referred to at a pressure that is indicative of absorbent bed 3 being fully charged with oxygen, for example, 250 psig (1.72 MPa man.) as indicated above.
    During operation, where there is no demand and when the pressure felt by the pressure transducer 70 is below 250 psig (1.72 MPa man.), Power supply 54 is activated by the controller 5 'to apply electrical energy to the pressure device. electrically driven oxygen separation 5 2. Oxygen within a separate oxygen stream then flows from the electrically driven oxygen separation device 2 through the first of the flow paths 92, with flow being avoided within the second of the flow paths 94 by the third check valve 98. When the serial point pressure is reached, power supply 54 is deactivated.
    The oxygen backflow from the absorbent bed 3 now to the inactive electrically driven oxygen separation device 2 is prevented by the first check valve 90. When an oxygen demand exists, controller 5 'activates the power supply 54 to apply the force to the electrically driven oxygen separation device 2 to produce a separate oxygen stream.
    In the same period, oxygen will be desorbed from the absorbent bed 3 to produce an oxygen stream from the absorbent bed.
    This current will flow in the second of the flow paths 94 after being reduced in pressure by the pressure regulator 100 to score a pressure within the separated current produced by the electrically driven oxygen separation device 2. The flow of the oxygen stream from the absorbent bed is prevented within the first flow path 92 through the second check valve 96. The oxygen stream from the absorbent bed is combined with a separate oxygen stream to produce the combined oxygen stream which is reduced in pressure by pressure regulator 46 and then discharged to the consumer towards exit 42. Although not shown, a backup oxygen supply, such as an oxygen cylinder 80 and its associated flow network must be supplied.
    With reference to figure 3, a preferred absorption bed 3 'is illustrated that is particularly useful with the apparatus 1' shown in Figure 2.
    The absorption bed 3 'is supplied with an absorbent container 26 containing an absorbent 28. A T 102 tubing is supplied having a base section 104 and a side opening 106. The base section 104 of the T 102 tubing is connected to the absorbent container 26 and an immersion tube 108 extends through the base section 104 of tubing T 102 in absorbent 28 and preferably ends in a slurry collector 110 to prevent particles of absorbent 28 from being removed in immersion tube 108. immersion tube 108 can be connected to the first of the flow paths 92 of Apparatus 1 '. Although not shown, immersion tube 108 must be connected directly or via a conduit to the second check valve 96 at end 112 of immersion tube 108 to allow separate oxygen flow, designed by reference number 114 to pass through absorbent container 26 through immersion tube 108. At the end 112 of immersion tube 108, the base section 104 of tubing T 102 is sealed around immersion tube 108 by means of an annular element 116 welded around its outer periphery to the base section 104 and its inner periphery, to the immersion tube 108. This supplies an annular space 118 inside the T 102 tubing for absorbent bed oxygen to flow out of the opening 106 of the T 102 tubing as the oxygen stream of the absorbent bed , which is designed by reference number 120. Alternatively, an adjustment through the special hole is used at the end 112 of the dip tube 108 to seal the base section 104 of the T 102 tubing. and immersion takes place through the adjustment through the hole and inside the T 102. When the adjustment through the hole is connected to the end 112 of the T 102 pipe, it seals the end 112 of the T 102 pipe. As such, the opening 106 of the tubing T 102 must be connected to a pressure regulator 100 shown in Figure 2, directly or indirectly through the appropriate tubing.
    The glass wool 122 is preferably supplied to prevent particles of the absorbent being discharged through the opening 106. The advantage of the preceding system is to intensify purging effectiveness and therefore to reduce the purging time during the initial start.
    It will be noted that the absorbent bed 3 'must also be used with apparatus 1 shown in Figure 1 with a slight modification to the flow network 4. Such modification should involve 5 connecting the immersion tube 108 to the conduit 20 of the collecting tube 18 and separately connecting opening 106 to outlet conduit 40. In addition, the 3 'absorption bed is also capable of being used in a manner in which the flow is opposite to that described above in which oxygen from the absorbent bed flows through immersion tube 108 and Separate oxygen flows into the side opening 106 of the T 102 tubing and through the annular space 118. While the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, as will occur to that person skilled in the art, numerous changes, additions and omissions can be made without diverge from the spirit and scope of the present invention as set out in the appended claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
    1. Method of supplying oxygen to satisfy a user demand, characterized by the fact that it comprises: separating oxygen from the air by transporting 5 oxygen ions within an electrically driven oxygen separation device to produce a separate oxygen stream ; storing at least part of the oxygen contained within the separated oxygen stream by introducing at least part of the separated oxygen stream into an absorbent bed and storing at least part of the oxygen within the absorbent bed; supply oxygen during an initial oxygen supply period, only from the absorbent bed by discarding an absorbent bed oxygen stream from the absorbent bed containing the oxygen previously stored within the absorbent bed, so that the pressure within the absorbent bed decreases continuously ; during the initial oxygen supply period by deactivating the electrically driven oxygen from the separation device, so that the electrically driven oxygen separation device is in a deactivated state and is not producing oxygen; and supplying oxygen in a subsequent period of oxygen supply, starting when the pressure within the absorbent beds decreases to a lower predetermined pressure level by activating the oxygen separating device to produce the separated oxygen stream; and during the subsequent period of oxygen supply; if user demand is less than the rate at which oxygen is capable of being produced by the electrically driven oxygen separation device, introduce a part of the separate oxygen stream into the absorbent bed to store part of the oxygen contained in the oxygen stream separate and supply a remaining part of the separated oxygen stream to the user to satisfy the user's demand; during introduction of the part of the separated oxygen stream into the absorbent bed, the pressure within the absorbent bed increases 5 continuously and when the pressure within the absorbent bed increases to a higher predetermined pressure level that is higher than the predetermined pressure level smaller, the oxygen separation device returns to the deactivated state; if the user's demand is substantially equal to the rate at which oxygen is produced by the electrically driven oxygen separation device, supply oxygen only from the separate oxygen stream and not the oxygen stream from the absorbent bed; and if user demand is greater than the rate at which oxygen is produced by the electrically driven oxygen separation device, supply oxygen from a combined stream, the combined stream formed from the oxygen stream of the absorbent bed across the stream separate oxygen.
    [2]
    2. Method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that if no user demand for oxygen exists and the pressure within the absorbent bed is at or below the lowest predetermined pressure level, the electrically driven oxygen separation device is activated in the entire separated oxygen stream is introduced into the absorbent bed until the highest predetermined pressure level is reached and the electrically driven oxygen separation device is returned to the deactivated state.
    [3]
    3. Method of supplying oxygen to satisfy a user's demand, characterized by the fact that it comprises: separating oxygen from the air through the transport of oxygen ions inside an electrically driven oxygen separation device to produce a separate oxygen stream; storing the oxygen contained within the separated oxygen stream by introducing the entire separated oxygen stream into an absorbent bed and subsequently discarding an oxygen stream from the absorbent bed 5 of the absorbent bed; user demand alternating between periods when no user demand exists and user demand for oxygen; when no user demand exists and the pressure within the absorbent bed is below the predetermined level, the activation of the electrically driven oxygen separation device and introduction of the entire separated oxygen stream into an absorbent bed and absorption of the oxygen contained within the stream separate oxygen inside the absorbent; when the pressure within the absorbent bed reaches a predetermined level and no user demand exists, disable the electrically conducting oxygen separation device; and when user demand exists, to activate the electrically driven oxygen separation device and supply oxygen to the user from the combined current by reducing the pressure line of the absorbent bed oxygen stream and combining the absorbent bed oxygen stream with all oxygen streams separated to form a combined stream and supply oxygen to the user from the combined stream.
    [4]
    4. Method according to claim 1 or 3, characterized by the fact that the electrically driven oxygen separation device and the absorbent container are contained within a system for dispensing oxygen and the oxygen is supplied by an auxiliary oxygen supply in the system that fails to satisfy the user's demand for oxygen.
    [5]
    5. Method according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, characterized by the fact that the oxygen pressure of the oxygen dispensed to satisfy the user's demand is regulated at a level below that of the absorbent bed oxygen current and the current separate oxygen.
    [6]
    6. Apparatus for supplying oxygen to satisfy a user demand, characterized by the fact that it comprises: an electrically driven oxygen separation device configured to separate oxygen from the air through the transport of oxygen ions and, thus, to produce a separate oxygen stream; an absorbent bed containing an absorbent; a flow network that connects the electrically driven oxygen separation device to the absorbent bed so that at least part of the separated oxygen stream is capable of being introduced into the absorbent bed and at least part of the oxygen contained in the separate oxygen stream is stored in the absorbent bed; and the flow network having an output in flow communication with both the absorbent bed and the electrically driven oxygen separation device so that oxygen is capable of being supplied from the outlet as a combined current composed of at least a remaining part the separated stream produced by the electrically driven oxygen separation device and an absorbent bed stream produced from the oxygen previously stored in the absorbent bed; a control system responsible for the pressure within the absorbent bed configured so that when the pressure is at a lower pressure level, the electrically driven oxygen separation device is activated to produce the separated oxygen stream and when the pressure is at a lower pressure level, higher than the lower pressure level, the electrically driven oxygen separation device is deactivated and is in a deactivated state where the separate oxygen stream is not produced; 5 and the flow network having at least one check valve positioned to prevent the flow from the absorbent bed to the electrically driven oxygen separation device so that when user demand exists and the pressure is at the highest pressure level, the oxygen supplied from the outlet consists solely of the oxygen stream from the absorbent bed until the pressure within the absorbent bed decreases to the lowest pressure level after which the electrically driven oxygen separation device is activated and then: if the user's demand is less than the flow rate of the separated oxygen stream, the oxygen supplied from the outlet consists of the remaining part of the separated oxygen stream and the part of the oxygen stream is supplied to the absorbent bed; if the user's demand equals the flow of the separate oxygen stream, the oxygen supplied from the outlet consists of the entire separate oxygen stream, and if the user's demand is greater than the flow of the separate oxygen stream, the oxygen supplied from the output consists of the combined current.
    [7]
    7. Apparatus for supplying oxygen to satisfy a user demand, characterized by the fact that it comprises: an electrically driven oxygen separation device configured to separate oxygen from the air through the transport of oxygen ion and, thus, to produce a separate oxygen stream; an absorbent bed containing an absorbent to discharge an oxygen stream from the absorbent bed; a control system is responsible for the pressure within the absorbent bed and is configured so that when the pressure is at a lower pressure level and no user demand exists, the electrically driven oxygen separation device is activated to produce the current of separate oxygen and when the pressure is at a lower pressure level, higher than the lower pressure level and no user demand exists, the electrically driven oxygen separation device is disabled and is in a disabled state where the current separate oxygen is not produced; the two parallel flow paths of the flow network, a check valve positioned between the two parallel flow paths and the absorbent bed to prevent the flow from the absorbent bed to the electrically driven oxygen separation device, a second check valve and a third check valve; one of the two parallel flow paths, at one end, in flow communication with the absorbent bed and, at the other end, in flow communication with the electrically driven oxygen separation device and the other of the two parallel flow paths, in one end, in flow communication with the absorbent bed and, at the other end, in flow communication with the outlet and the electrically driven oxygen separation device, the one of the two parallel flow paths having the second check valve positioned to prevent the flow from the absorbent bed to the electrically driven oxygen separation device and the other of the two flow paths having the third check valve positioned to prevent the flow from the electrically driven oxygen separation device to the absorbent bed so that when the electrically driven oxygen separation device is activated at the lower pressure level, the oxygen stream separates it will flow to the absorbent bed through one of the two parallel flow paths; the flow network also having a pressure regulator positioned within the other of the two parallel flow paths, between the third check valve and the absorbent bed and configured to reduce the line pressure of the oxygen stream of the absorbent bed so that it is able to combine with the separated oxygen stream and the control system configured to selectively activate the electrically operated oxygen separation device when the pressure is at the highest pressure level and user demand exists so that the oxygen dispensed from the outlet of the flow network consists of the combined current consisting of the oxygen stream from the absorbent bed which flows through the other of the two flow paths to the outlet and the separate oxygen stream flowing from the electrically driven oxygen separation device to the outlet .
    [8]
    8. Apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, characterized by the fact that an outlet pressure regulator is connected to the outlet regulating the oxygen pressure of the oxygen dispensed from the outlet at a level below that of the oxygen stream of the absorbent bed and the separate oxygen stream.
    [9]
    9. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that an auxiliary supply system having an oxygen cylinder is connected to the outlet, the auxiliary supply system configured to dispense oxygen from the oxygen cylinder when the oxygen pressure level is below a predetermined pressure level.
    [10]
    Apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the absorbent is a zeolite selected from the group comprising 5A, CaNaX, CaX, LiX or mixtures thereof.
    [11]
    Apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, characterized by the fact that: the absorbent bed has an absorbent container containing the absorbent, a T pipe having a base section connected to the absorbent container, the base section of the T pipe having a side opening and a suitable immersion tube that extends through the base section in the absorbent container so that an annular space is defined between the elongated annular immersion tube and the base section, the annular space in communication with the side opening the base section; and 5 the immersion tube and the side opening are connected to the flow network so that the separated oxygen stream flows into the immersion tube and the absorbent container and oxygen stream from the absorbent bed flows through the annular space and exits the opening side in the flow network or the separated oxygen stream flows through the lateral opening, through the annular space and into the absorbent bed and the oxygen stream from the absorbent bed flows through the immersion tube to the flow network.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
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    US20110265644A1|2011-11-03|
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    2020-08-25| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
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    2021-11-03| B350| Update of information on the portal [chapter 15.35 patent gazette]|
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    US12/769,030|US8323378B2|2010-04-28|2010-04-28|Oxygen supply method and apparatus|
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